![]() Shapiro changed the name of EMD to EMDR to recognize and acknowledge the comprehensive reprocessing effect that was taking place. During this same year, controlled studies were also published on exposure therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and hypnosis for the treatment of PTSD. In 1989, she published the first controlled outcome study of eye movement desensitization ( EMD) and posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) in the Journal of Traumatic Stress. Shapiro discovered the effects of spontaneous eye movement and began to develop procedures around the effects of bilateral eye movements. Her thoughts had shifted and, when she tried to bring them back up, they did not have the same charge. She began to pay careful attention, and what she noticed when a negative thought went through her mind was that her eyes began to move spontaneously in a rapid, diagonal movement. When she tried to bring them back up, these thoughts did not seem to her to have the same negative charge or significance that they had at the beginning of her walk. While taking a walk, she noticed that the disturbing thoughts upon which she was focusing about a recent past traumatic event in her life were suddenly disappearing. Francine Shapiro’s historic walk in Vasona County Park in Los Gatos, California, in 1987. Many of you have repeatedly heard the story of Dr. Shapiro began and that continue to grow as we progress further into the future. Anyone who has conducted a successful EMDR reprocessing session or has experienced its results firsthand can attest to the expanding ripples that Dr. ![]() Small-c creativity involves personal creativity, while big-C requires the type of ingenuity that “leaves a trace in the cultural matrix” (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997), something that changes some aspect of how we view or treat something in a big way. While small-c creativity is somewhat subjective, Csikszentmihalyi states that big-C is the kind of creativity that drives culture forward and redefines the state of the art (1997).įrancine Shapiro belongs to a select group of big-C creators in our world. In his book Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi distinguishes between what he defines as “small-c” and “big-C” creativity as he describes how creative individuals influence their respective fields and domains of knowledge. Shapiro’s visionary and creative spark began a quiet revolution in the field of psychotherapy-a ripple in still water. If she had not stopped to notice the relief she felt as a result of this back-and-forth movement of her eyes, the long and successful journey of EMDR therapy could have ended that fateful day. Sit back and visualize the small but exciting moment in 1987 when Francine Shapiro became aware of her eyes shifting involuntarily and simultaneously back and forth as she focused on some disturbing events in her life.
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